WRITING: AN OPINION ESSAY

An Opinion Essay

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UNIT5B: Quick Tip: How to Sleep Better

Matt Bean from "Men's Health" has five ways to get a perfect night's sleep:
Listen and complete the missing information.

These are five tips to get a perfect night's sleep:
First, do not have a __________ , __________ or __________ inside the bedroom
Secondly, you need to lower your ___________
Thirdly, spend money on a good ___________ , __________ and ________________
Fourthly, ______________________________after the alarm goes off.
Finally, sleep a minimum of _____________

Better Sleep: 'Good Morning America' Quick Tip From Matt Bean - ABC News

UNIT 5B: COUNTING SHEEP

Ever wondered why we need sleep, how much sleep is normal or whether dogs dream? Well you've come to the right place! Find out the answers to these sleepy musings and more, with our weird and wonderful sleep facts.
Man on the moon
As well as being the name of a famous band, REM stands for "rapid eye movement", so called because our eyes can be seen to move under our eyelids.
During REM sleep we are almost totally paralysed. Only the heart, diaphragm and muscles of the intestines, blood and eyes are not affected by this paralysis.
REM sleep is so called because our eyes can be seen to move under our eyelids.
REM is a very deep kind of sleep and we are usually difficult to wake in this phase. However, some light sleepers can be woken with the slightest of sounds even during this kind of sleep.
REM sleep starts about 90 minutes after we fall asleep and occurs in bursts throughout the night, adding up to around 2 hours per night in total.
Dream a Little Dream...
We dream in any stage of sleep; probably continuously.
REM dreams are usually fantastic or bizarre, whereas non REM dreams are more mundane and will often relate to everyday worries or thoughts (such as where you left your keys).
Some scientists believe that our eye movement during REM sleep relates to what we are "seeing" in our dreams.
It might be that we dream to remember important memories or to clear our minds of unimportant information. Or it might be that dreams serve no purpose at all and are simply an effect of sleep and consciousness.
Creatures of the Night
Elephants sleep lying down during REM sleep but stand up during non-REM sleep!
It's not known for sure which animals besides humans dream, if any.
Monkeys, chimps and other primates all sleep for about 10 hours a night and on average we humans sleep three hours less than this. Apart from teenagers that is, who also tend to sleep for 10 hours.
Both dolphins and ducks can keep one half of the brain awake while the other half sleeps; so that they are always prepared for predators.

GRAMMAR BANK UNIT 7

Grammar Bank 7

UNIT 5A: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MUSIC

Read about a music psychology research experiment.
What do you think of the conclusions?

Good music has direct access to the emotions. As such it's a fantastic tool for tweaking our moods. Saarikallio and Erkkila (2007) investigated the ways people use music to control and improve their mood by interviewing eight adolescents from Finland. The participants may be a small, very specific group, but they actually present a really useful list:

Entertainment - At the most fundamental level music provides stimulation. It lifts the mood before going out, it passes the time while doing the washing up, it accompanies travelling, reading and surfing the web.

Revival - Music revitalises in the morning and calms in the evening.

Strong sensation - Music can provide deep, thrilling emotional experiences, particularly while performing.

Diversion - Music distracts the mind from unpleasant thoughts which can easily fill the silence.

Discharge - Music matching deep moods can release emotions: purging and cleansing.

Mental work - Music encourages daydreaming, sliding into old memories, exploring the past.

Solace - Shared emotion, shared experience, a connection to someone lost.
These seven strategies all aim for two goals: controlling and improving mood. One of the beauties of music is it can accomplish more than one goal at a time. Uplifting music can both divert, entertain and revive. Sad, soulful music can provide solace, encourage mental work and discharge emotions. The examples are endless.

Many of Saarikallio and Erkkila's findings chime with previous research. For example, distraction is considered one of the most effective strategies for regulating mood. Music has also been strongly connected with reflective states. These tend to allow us greater understanding of our emotions.

One of the few negative connections Saarikallio and Erkkila consider is that sad music might promote rumination. Rumination is the constant examination of emotional state which, ironically, can lead to less clarity. On the contrary, however, Saarikallio and Erkkila found that music increased the understanding of feelings, an effect not associated with rumination.

Over to you...
Perhaps the way we use music varies with factors like age and culture. Do these adolescent's experiences ring true for you? If not, what would you add to the list?

UNIT 7A: MODERN LIFE IS RUBBISH

Seniors: 'Modern life is rubbish'

Everything was better in the 1950s - except washing machines, central heating and inside toilets, according to a survey of people aged above 50.
The 3,000 seniors found modern society crime-ridden, sleazy, promiscuous, foul-mouthed, noisy and second-rate.
And they strongly disliked its greed, selfishness, unfriendliness, ill discipline, bad manners, easy credit, drug culture, TV sex and violence.
In the 50s people seemed kinder and had more time for each other, they said.
People were neighbourly, public transport was good, music was better and housing more affordable.
And they missed the slower pace of life, job security, and the way families had lived closer together and society valued housewives.

“ Everything seemed so much more affable, honest and direct ”
Actress Barbara Windsor With an average age of 69, 89% of those asked said they were glad they had been young in the 50s and not now, as children had been more innocent and allowed to remain child-like for longer.
Children had been safer then said 88%, with more freedom to play outside, 85% felt.
But most said it was better to be a pensioner now, with 70% saying they lived healthier, longer and more active lives and people no longer considered 60 to be old.
Four out of every five said mobile phones had made life worse, only 14% felt the internet had improved it, and 92% said they had been "happy in the 50s without any of these modern things".
They missed respect for authority, said 93%, bobbies on the beat - 91%, and the pride people used to feel in being British - 81% .

“ It was a gentler, somehow less competitive world ”
Singer Val Doonican
People had been more innocent according to 86%, and seemed kinder - 72% , with less crime - 85%.
Barbara Windsor, who was born in 1937 and first appeared on the acting scene in the 50s, said they "were happy days because everything seemed so much more affable, honest and direct".
Singer Val Doonican, 78, added. "It was a gentler, somehow less competitive world."
The editor of Yours Magazine, which commissioned the research, Valery McConnell, told BBC News it "shows most people are happier when they have a simple life rather than a complicated one".
"Everything about modern-day society is complex and stressful - automated answering machines, mind-boggling car parks and road systems, endless traffic, 50 different varieties of everything, bank managers you cannot talk to, high crime levels and aggression on the streets."
"More has been lost than gained."

“ Many older people miss the simplicity of the 50s and wish their grandchildren could experience the same ”
Yours Magazine editor, Valery McConnell
"Material possessions designed to make our lives easier also have a downside."
"Modern communication means people speak on mobiles, not on the street corner or at the bus stop."
"Increased mobility means we no longer know our neighbours or live near our families."
"Cars have driven children off the streets."
"Large out of town supermarkets mean many High Streets are deserted."

Gentler era
"People no longer feel at home in their communities."
"No wonder many older people miss the simplicity of the 50s and wish their grandchildren could experience the same."
"The 50's was a gentler era when manners and people mattered."
"People were more important than possessions and had time for each other... knew their neighbours and had a sense of belonging."

Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/uk_news/3706800.stm
Published: 2004/10/01 12:49:28 GMT
© BBC 2011

UNIT 6B:THE AMISH

Find out what happened to the young people who appeared in Amish in the City.
Miriam has not gone back to the Amish, and has instead started to attend a non-Amish Christian church in Ohio led by a female pastor. She feels this church more accurately reflects her spiritual point of view.
Ruth is in the process of joining the Amish church with Marvin, who she plans to marry this fall. While cut off from most of the outside world, she still keeps in touch with her Amish housemates from the show.
Mose now runs his own very successful construction crew in Jefferson City, Missouri and recently proposed to his non-Amish girlfriend, Shana. They will be married in September. He is taking guitar lessons in hopes of advancing his musical career.
Randy continues to work in construction in Florida, but will be moving to Kansas in the fall to attend college on a baseball scholarship.
Jonas moved to Florida for the winter and worked on Randy's construction crew, but has returned to Missouri where he works at his old job. Having passed the GED exam while on the show, he is now studying to take the SAT test this summer, after which he plans on enrolling in college.
Whitney continues to live in Southern California. She works at Bloomingdales, hoping to save enough money to attend nursing school.
Reese is writing a book, and developing a reality show.
Nick moved briefly to Los Angeles before returning to Chicago where he continues to pursue his music career.
Ariel has assumed management and chef duties at Juliano's Raw Restaurant in Santa Monica, California. She hopes to save enough money to visit Bali.
Meagan is still living with Harley, the golden retriever she adopted in Amish country on the show, who is now 75 pounds. She now works as a buyer for a pet supply company which allows her to bring Harley to work with her.
Kevan continues to work in the finance industry at Bank of America. One of the most memorable events from the show for him was teaching Ruth how to swim, and he has recently launched an effort to start is own swimming school.

For more information visit the following site
http://www.newline.com/amishinthecity/where.html

UNIT 7A: GO

GO

UNIT 7B: A TEST OF HONESTY

Reader's Digest: How honest are we?London, June 18 /PRNewswire/ -- Britons have few qualms about stealing from work, travelling on a train without a ticket and speeding on motorways, according to a pan-European honesty quiz conducted by Reader's Digest magazine.
Nearly 4,000 people in 19 European countries were confronted with 12 moral dilemmas to test their sense of right and wrong. The results of the test, published in the July issue of Reader's Digest, reveal that Britons rate themselves as less honest than the average European.
In only three out of the twelve dilemmas did the British display a clear propensity to act in a more moral fashion:
- When asked if they would hand a lost wallet containing £35 (EUR50) in at a police station, 76% of Britons said they would, compared to only 50% of the Europeans polled.
- Asked if they would drive home from a party, even though they knew they had had too much to drink, only 5% of Britons said they would, as against 14 % of Europeans.
- 43% admitted they would tell their friend if they suspected their partner was cheating. In contrast only 37% of Europeans would tell the truth.
Yet, in seven of the categories, Britons revealed themselves as being far from honest:
- When asked whether they would conceal income to avoid tax, nearly half (46%) of the British respondents confessed they would. Across Europe, 39% said they would whilst in Austria a whopping 64% would be willing to cheat the system.
- An average of 66% of Brits would board their commuter train without a ticket compared to 53% of Europeans. The Russians had no moral obligations in terms of transport with 80% more than happy to get on a train with no ticket.
- Another moral taboo that the British admitted to breaking was parking in a disabled bay if the supermarket car park was full. 36% admitted they would, although for no more than ten minutes. In contrast only 25% of Europeans would be willing to steal the space.
- Honesty with employers appears to be lacking in the UK. Nearly two thirds (60%) of the Brits questioned said would steal office stationery compared to under half (49%) in Europe.
- Over a quarter (28%) of the Brits interviewed admitted they would steal a hotel towel compared to 16% of all Europeans. However the report indicates that hygiene rather than morals is the deterrent. One woman from Banbury stated, 'You don't know who else has used them.'
- An astonishing 70% of the British respondents said they would break the speed limit on a motorway. The European average was 65%.
- Around two thirds of Brits said they would install illegal software (65%) with a European average of 64%.
- Throughout Europe more women than men gave the honest answer. This gender gap was greatest in Poland by 14%. Spain had the lowest difference of 1%.
- Young people (18-35) proved less honest than the over-fifties. 64% of Hungary's youth are willing to steal office stationery compared to 35% of the elder generation.
Bob Low, European Bureau Chief, Reader's Digest comments: "People were surprisingly honest about how dishonestly they would behave in certain situations.
"It appears that the British, in common with people throughout Europe, don't mind cheating on the state, or big institutions such as train companies or computer firms, over matters like evading tax, dodging fares or using illegal software. But they are much less likely to cheat individuals or put them at risk. So they'll hand in lost wallets and they won't drink and drive."
Notes to Editors: The quiz was carried out by researchers in shopping centres in 19 European countries. In each country, some 200 people aged 18 and over were confronted with 12 everyday dilemmas to test their sense of right and wrong. The UK polling was carried out in Glasgow, Nottingham, and Banbury in Oxfordshire.

The Honesty Test Questions
1: As you leave a big supermarket, you realise that the cashier has given you £10 too much in change. Would you return and give the money back?
2: You have had too much to drink at a party and suspect you are well over the legal drink- driving limit. Would you still attempt to drive home?
3: You think you can get away with paying less tax if you conceal some of your income on your annual tax return. Would you do so?
4: The supermarket car park is full - except for the disabled parking spaces. You have one item to buy, which will take you no more than 10 minutes. Would you park your car in the disabled bay for that time?
5: You're in a hurry to get to work and you don't have time to buy a ticket before you board your commuter train. The next train is in 20 minutes. There's are good chance you won't be caught. Would you take a chance?
6: You need some envelopes and pens for your family's personal use. Would you take them from the supply at your office?
7:You find a wallet in the street with £35 inside, but no address. Would you hand it in at a police station?
8:You see your best friend's husband/wife walking hand-in-hand with a stranger. Would you feel obliged to tell your friend what you have seen?
9:The towels in your hotel bathroom are very attractive. Would you put one in your suitcase and walk away with it?
10: You are waiting in a long line for a bus in the driving rain. When it arrives you realise you won't get on unless you jump in the queue. Would you do so?
11: You are driving home at 9 p.m. and the motorway is almost empty. Would you drive at 15 m.p.h. over the speed limit to get back more quickly?
12: A friend offers you an illegal copy of an expensive computer software program for free. Would you accept it and install it on your own computer?
Distributed by PR Newswire on behalf of Reader's Digest

CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW

CONFUSING VERBS.
Circle the correct verb in each pair of sentences.

After a week in my new job I realized / noticed I had made a mistake in accepting it.
I realized / noticed that she had changed her hairstyle.
Jane’s parent prevented / avoids her from seeing David.
John prevented / avoids seeing his girlfriend.
This song remember / reminds me of last summer.
Remember / reminds to bring your reader next week.
I hope / expect it doesn’t rain tomorrow-we’re having a barbecue.
I hope / expect Sarah will be late-she always is.
Does your teacher mind / matter if you don’t go to all classes?
Does it mind / matter if you don’t go to all the classes?
He stole /robbed money from the bank.
He stole /robbed the bank.
I did not hear / listen what you were saying- I was outside the door.
You never hear /listen to what I tell you.
Mario looks / seems ill- he’s very pale.
Maria looks / seems unhappy but I do not know why.



CONFUSING VERBS. KEY
After a week in my new job I realized I had made a mistake in accepting it.
I noticed that she had changed her hairstyle.
Jane’s parents prevented her from seeing David.
John avoids seeing his girlfriend.
This song reminds me of last summer.
Remember to bring your reader next week.
I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow-we’re having a barbecue.
I expect Sarah will be late-she always is.
Does your teacher mind if you don’t go to all classes?
Does it matter if you don’t go to all the classes?
He stole money from the bank.
He robbed the bank.
I heard what you were saying- I was outside the door.
You never listen to what I tell you.
Mario looks ill- he’s very pale.
Maria seems unhappy but I do not know why.

UNIT 4C:Body Language: Actions Do Speak Louder Than Words : Love, Dating

Body Acting as a “truth talker” – actions do speak louder than words. Here’s a look at how some of our body language translate to words. If you’re out on a date and flirting with someone is your primary goal – your body language can do all the talking for you. Leaning a bit closer than necessary, lingering glances and a fleeting touch will say all that you have to say without a need for words.
If you want to know more about it, click on the following link

Body Language: Actions Do Speak Louder Than Words : Love, Dating

UNIT 4B: HOW I TRAINED MY HUSBAND

Here is an interview with Dan Abrams, a book author.
Watch the interview and answer the questions.

[0.00-0.49] INTRODUCTION

1) Dan Abrams is the author of a book called _________________________
2) The book is about the ‘B___________ of the S______________’.
3) According to the author women are better as c___________, d___________, s________________, w______ l____________, b__________ t___________ and hedge fund m____________.

[0.49-3.30] THE TEST

4) Dan admits the study will have more _____________ because it has been done by _____________
5) Dan works as a ______________________
6) The following topics are mentioned in the test. Put them in order.
Women are better competitive eaters
are better money managers
tolerate pain better
with hammers

[3.30-6.45] THE INTERVIEW

1. Dan got interested in this issue
a) because he’s always been keen on women issues
b) while he was reading an article on economics
c) after he found the research seemed to be conclusive

2. Dan has tried to look into the issue
a) as a medical analyst
b) as a lawyer
c) as a woman

3. Dan compares his book to
a) a legal case
b) a political argument
c) criminal evidence

4. Women are better investors than men because
a) women tend to be more analytical
b) women follow their instinct
c) women risk less

5. Women account for ____ of international hedge fund managers
a) about 10%
b) almost 20%
c) about 3%

6. In Australia, a bus company wanted
a) to discriminate men positively
b) to change a law about discrimination
c) to get around a government policy

UNIT 4A: WOULD YOU GET OUT ALIVE?

Yossi Ghinsberg's listening key (posted 1st March 2012)
KEY
1. inner call
2. three friends and his equipment
3. to cry and to pray
4. searching for his friend
5. he’d take care of him
6. natural
7. a snake and raw eggs
8. complain
9. take action
10. rainforest conservation
11. reward
12 in the jungle but I found myself

UNIT 4A: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

LET'S PRACTICE YOUR CONDITIONAL SENTENCES WITH BEYONCÉ AND HER SONG IF I WERE A BOY




If I Were A Boy lyrics
Songwriters: Carlson, Britney; Gad, Toby; Knowles, Beyonce;

If I were a boy even just for a day
I'd roll out of bed in the morning
And throw on what I wanted
And go drink beer with the guys

And chase after girls
I'd kick it with who I wanted
And I'd never get confronted for it
'Cause they stick up for me

If I were a boy
I think I could understand
How it feels to love a girl
I swear I'd be a better man

I'd listen to her
'Cause I know how it hurts
When you lose the one you wanted
'Cause he's taking you for granted
And everything you had got destroyed

If I were a boy
I would turn off my phone
Tell everyone it's broken
So they'd think that I was sleeping alone

I'd put myself first
And make the rules as I go
'Cause I know that she'd be faithful
Waiting for me to come home, to come home

If I were a boy
I think I could understand
How it feels to love a girl
I swear I'd be a better man

I'd listen to her
'Cause I know how it hurts
When you lose the one you wanted
'Cause he's taking you for granted
And everything you had got destroyed

It's a little too late for you to come back
Say it's just a mistake
Think I'd forgive you like that
If you thought I would wait for you
You thought wrong

But you're just a boy
You don't understand
And you don't understand, oh
How it feels to love a girl
Someday you wish you were a better man

You don't listen to her
You don't care how it hurts
Until you lose the one you wanted
'Cause you're taking her for granted
And everything you had got destroyed
But you're just a boy

UNIT 4A: SURVIVING

Basic Survival | Travel | Food & Water | First Aid & Health | Survival Training
Basic Wilderness Survival Skills
The advances in the development of outdoor clothing, equipment, emergency food and techniques have been growing rapidly in recent years. For those beginners interested in using the outdoors there is unlimited information on wilderness survival skills and equipment available. However, experience is the best teacher in any outdoor situation and your reaction in a wilderness survival situation depends on your education. Always keep in mind that it can happen to you. Those who are mentally and physically prepared to survive are more likely to do so. To deal with an emergency situation one must be able to make decisions, improvise and remain calm.

Fear - For anyone faced with a wilderness emergency survival situation, fear is a normal reaction. Unless an emergency situation has been anticipated, fear is generally followed by panic then pain, cold, thirst, hunger, fatigue, boredom and loneliness. It is extremely important to calmly assess the situation and not allow these seven enemies to interfere with your survival.

Pain - Pain may often be ignored in a panic situation. Remember to deal with injuries immediately before they become even more serious.

Cold - Cold lowers the ability to think, numbing the body and reducing the will to survive. Never allow yourself to stop moving or to fall asleep unless adequately sheltered.

Thirst - Dehydration is a common enemy in an emergency situation and must not be ignored. It can dull your mind, causing you to overlook important survival information.

Hunger - Hunger is dangerous but seldom deadly. It may reduce your ability to think logically and increase your susceptibility to the effects of cold, pain and fear.

Fatigue - Fatigue is unavoidable in any situation so it is best to keep in mind that it can and will lower your mental ability. Remember that in an emergency situation this is often the bodies way of escaping a difficult situation.

Boredom & Loneliness - These enemies are quite often unanticipated and may lower the mind's ability to deal with the situation.

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HOW TO:

Build a FireBuilding a fire is the most important task when dealing with survival in the wilderness. Be sure to build yours in a sandy or rocky area or near a supply of sand and water as to avoid forest fires. The most common mistakes made by those attempting to build a fire are: choosing poor tinder, failing to shield precious matches from the wind and smothering the flames with too large pieces of fuel. The four most important factors when starting a fire are spark - tinder - fuel - oxygen.

The most common ways to create spark are:

1. Waterproof, strike-anywhere matches are your best bet. Matches may be water-proofed by dipping them in nail polish. Store your matches in a waterproof container.

2. A cigarette lighter is also a good way to produce a spark, with or without fuel.

3. The flint and steel method is one of the oldest and most reliable methods in fire starting. Aim the sparks at a pile of dry tinder to produce a fire.

4. The electric spark produced from a battery will ignite a gasoline dampened rag.

5. Remove half of the powder from a bullet and pour it into the tinder. Next place a rag in the cartridge case of the gun and fire. The rag should ignite and then may be placed into the tinder.

6. Allow the suns rays to pass through a magnifying glass onto the tinder.

Dry grass, paper or cloth lint, gasoline-soaked rags and dry bark are all forms of tinder. Place your tinder in a small pile resembling a tepee with the driest pieces at the bottom. Use a fire starter or strip of pitch if it is available.

It is important to keep in mind that smaller pieces of kindling such as, twigs, bark, shavings and gasoline, are necessary when trying to ignite larger pieces of fuel. Gather fuel before attempting to start your fire. Obviously dry wood burns better and wet or pitchy wood will create more smoke. Dense, dry wood will burn slow and hot. A well ventilated fire will burn best.

Build a ShelterA small shelter which is insulated from the bottom, protected from wind and snow and contains a fire is extremely important in wilderness survival. Before building your shelter be sure that the surrounding area provides the materials needed to build a good fire, a good water source and shelter from the wind.

Wilderness shelters may include:

1. Natural shelters such as caves and overhanging cliffs. When exploring a possible shelter tie a piece of string to the outer mouth of the cave to ensure you will be able to find your way out. Keep in mind that these caves may already be occupied. If you do use a cave for shelter, build your fire near its mouth to prevent animals from entering.

2. Enlarge the natural pit under a fallen tree and line it with bark or tree boughs.

3. Near a rocky coastal area, build a rock shelter in the shape of a U, covering the roof with driftwood and a tarp or even seaweed for protection.

4. A lean-to made with poles or fallen trees and a covering of plastic, boughs, thick grasses or bark is effective to shelter you from wind, rain and snow.

5. A wigwam may be constructed using three long poles. Tie the tops of the poles together and upright them in an appropriate spot. Cover the sides with a tarp, boughs, raingear or other suitable materials. Build a fire in the center of the wigwam, making a draft channel in the wall and a small hole in the top to allow smoke to escape.

6. If you find yourself in open terrain, a snow cave will provide good shelter. Find a drift and burrow a tunnel into the side for about 60 cm (24 in) then build your chamber. The entrance of the tunnel should lead to the lowest level of you chamber where the cooking and storage of equipment will be. A minimum of two ventilating holes are necessary, preferably one in the roof and one in the door.

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CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT
Clothing Clothing must provide warmth and offer protection from the elements. Layers of light, natural fibers are best. Hats are a must, as they offer protection from both the heat and cold. Water proof outer layers are necessary.

Equipment Equipment must be easily manageable and promote survival in any situation. Items to carry in your pockets may include a fire starter, waterproof matches and/or lighter, a pocket knife, goggles, compass, small first-aid kit and some sort of trail food.

Survival KitItems for your survival kit should be packed in a waterproof container that can double as a cooking pot and water receptacle and be attached to your belt.

BackpackIn addition to a survival kit, a good, comfortable backpack is mandatory. Loads of about 18 kg (40 lb.) are average. Items to include are; flashlight, extra jacket, socks and mittens, a pocket saw, gas camp stove, first aid kit, emergency food, and a tent and fly.

CHECK LIST Useful items to include on your hike are:

1. A map and compass.

2. A large, bright plastic bag will be useful as a shelter, signaling device or in lieu of raingear.

3. A flashlight with extra batteries.

4. Extra water and food.

5. Extra clothing such as raingear, a toque and gloves, a sweater and pants.

6. Sun protection such as sunglasses, sunscreen, a hat and long sleeved clothing.

7. A sharp pocket knife.

8. Waterproof matches, a lighter and/or a flint.

9. Candles and fire starter.

10. A first aid kit.

11. A whistle, flares, a tarp.


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Before venturing into the wilderness check weather forecasts and hazards.

Basic Survival | Travel | Food & Water
First Aid & Health
Outdoor & Survival Training

UNIT 4A: WOULD YOU GET OUT ALIVE?

Yossi Ghinsberg was 21 when he went on a trip to the Amazon rainforest. After a dramatic experience, he survived. This is a video with extracts from different interviews after he published his book Jungle.

Listen and answer the questions.

1. He decided to go to the Amazon rainforest as an ________________________ for adventure.
2. In just one day he lost ______________________ and his _____________________.
3. His first reaction was to __________________ and to _____________________.
4. He spent a couple of days ____________________________________.
5. He thought if he found his friend, he’d __________________________________.
6. He admits the choice between life or death came out as a _________________ one.
7. He gives two examples of what he ate: __________________ and ______________________.
8. When life is not tough enough we ___________________.
9. When life becomes tough we ______________________.
10. After his adventure Yossi got interested in __________________________________.
11. People who saved him in the jungle did not get any __________________.
12. His final thought: “I got lost in ______________________ but I _______________________”.

UNIT 3C: TIME CLAUSES

Future Time Clauses

UNIT 3: GRAMMAR BANK 3B / 3C

3B 3C Grammar Bank

UNIT 3B: WEATHER

CLIMATE CHANGE IS A LONG-TERM TREND

THAT MIGHT AFFECT FUTURE GENERATIONS, RIGHT?



Click on the link to watch this video. You are very welcome to leave your comment

UNIT 3B: STORMY WEATHER

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

PRE-LISTENING ACTIVITY:

Aims: To understand vocabulary related to the weather.
Skills: Reading comprehension/Oral interaction.
Description: Classifying weather-related vocabulary into mild or extreme.
Classify the following words and phrases into the different columns. Use a dictionary, if necessary.
Drizzle – storms – mist – a hurricane – showers – clear skies - flooding – winds of 80 mph – tornados – a heat-wave – lightning - gloomy weather - rain cats and dogs – smog – dense fog –persistent rain – an Indian summer – light breezes - temperatures of over 30 degrees C – bright sunshine – grey skies – thick cloud – a frost.
MILD WEATHER EXTREME WEATHER

LISTENING ACTIVITY:

Aims: To understand the main information and details in a weather forecast.
You will listen to two on-line TV weather forecasts (of Oregon, and the British Isles).

Listen to the first part of a TV weather forecast for the British Isles and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words or expressions:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQtV2NPYcIc&feature=related).

WEATHER FORECAST FOR THE BRITISH ISLES
Let´s just take a recap of the __________ __________ (1) we had on Sunday. _____________ (2) was the top temperature in Scotland. Birmingham had just short of 14 hours of _____________(3). It wasn´t quite so great down towards the Southwest. There was more ________ (4) around here though with some __________ __________(5) for Torquay.
Definitely, I think, a better looking morning here this morning. Some sunshine across most of the __________(6) of England. For England and __________(7) in general, a__________(8) start, some patchy outbreaks of rain through the morning .Scotland and ____________ (9) definitely getting the best of today´s sunshine. Hopefully, they´ll send us a little bit further south too, into northern England and __________ (10) through the afternoon. But then, that squeezes __________ __________ (11) further south, so for the south coast a ___________ ____________ (12) and the rain arriving here towards the evening.
And wherever you are today, even if you keep the sunshine, it´s going to be a __________ __________ definitely (13) than yesterday. Northerly __________ (14) setting into all parts of the UK. The biggest contrast, probably coming in across______________(15); after that 21 degrees yesterday, just ____________(16) degrees today, really will be a disappointment!
__________ _________ (17) today probably 15 or 16 towards the south coast… but here things getting greyer and __________ (18) as the day wears on…
Now the cloud in the south will ship out of the way, though, over night tonight leaving __________ (19) spells behind. That then, though, means quite a wide spread __________ (20), so God knows… beware.